ucx/cx/linked_list.h

Wed, 30 Oct 2024 12:23:52 +0100

author
Olaf Wintermann <olaf.wintermann@gmail.com>
date
Wed, 30 Oct 2024 12:23:52 +0100
branch
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parent 324
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permissions
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1 /*
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2 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
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3 *
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4 * Copyright 2021 Mike Becker, Olaf Wintermann All rights reserved.
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5 *
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6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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8 *
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9 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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10 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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11 *
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12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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15 *
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16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
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17 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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18 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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19 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
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20 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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21 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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22 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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23 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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24 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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25 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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26 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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27 */
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28 /**
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29 * \file linked_list.h
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30 * \brief Linked list implementation.
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31 * \details Also provides several low-level functions for custom linked list implementations.
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32 * \author Mike Becker
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33 * \author Olaf Wintermann
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34 * \copyright 2-Clause BSD License
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35 */
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36
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37 #ifndef UCX_LINKED_LIST_H
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38 #define UCX_LINKED_LIST_H
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39
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40 #include "common.h"
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41 #include "list.h"
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42
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43 #ifdef __cplusplus
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44 extern "C" {
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45 #endif
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46
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47 /**
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48 * The maximum item size that uses SBO swap instead of relinking.
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49 */
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50 extern unsigned cx_linked_list_swap_sbo_size;
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51
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52 /**
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53 * Allocates a linked list for storing elements with \p elem_size bytes each.
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54 *
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55 * If \p elem_size is CX_STORE_POINTERS, the created list will be created as if
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56 * cxListStorePointers() was called immediately after creation and the compare
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57 * function will be automatically set to cx_cmp_ptr(), if none is given.
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58 *
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59 * @param allocator the allocator for allocating the list nodes
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60 * (if \c NULL the cxDefaultAllocator will be used)
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61 * @param comparator the comparator for the elements
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62 * (if \c NULL, and the list is not storing pointers, sort and find
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63 * functions will not work)
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64 * @param elem_size the size of each element in bytes
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65 * @return the created list
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66 */
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67 CxList *cxLinkedListCreate(
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68 const CxAllocator *allocator,
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69 cx_compare_func comparator,
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70 size_t elem_size
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71 );
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72
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73 /**
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74 * Allocates a linked list for storing elements with \p elem_size bytes each.
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75 *
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76 * The list will use cxDefaultAllocator and no comparator function. If you want
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77 * to call functions that need a comparator, you must either set one immediately
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78 * after list creation or use cxLinkedListCreate().
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79 *
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80 * If \p elem_size is CX_STORE_POINTERS, the created list will be created as if
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81 * cxListStorePointers() was called immediately after creation and the compare
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82 * function will be automatically set to cx_cmp_ptr().
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83 *
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84 * @param elem_size the size of each element in bytes
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85 * @return the created list
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86 */
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87 #define cxLinkedListCreateSimple(elem_size) \
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88 cxLinkedListCreate(NULL, NULL, elem_size)
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89
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90 /**
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91 * Finds the node at a certain index.
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92 *
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93 * This function can be used to start at an arbitrary position within the list.
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94 * If the search index is large than the start index, \p loc_advance must denote
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95 * the location of some sort of \c next pointer (i.e. a pointer to the next node).
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96 * But it is also possible that the search index is smaller than the start index
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97 * (e.g. in cases where traversing a list backwards is faster) in which case
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98 * \p loc_advance must denote the location of some sort of \c prev pointer
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99 * (i.e. a pointer to the previous node).
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100 *
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101 * @param start a pointer to the start node
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102 * @param start_index the start index
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103 * @param loc_advance the location of the pointer to advance
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104 * @param index the search index
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105 * @return the node found at the specified index
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106 */
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107 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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108 void *cx_linked_list_at(
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109 const void *start,
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110 size_t start_index,
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111 ptrdiff_t loc_advance,
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112 size_t index
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113 );
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114
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115 /**
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116 * Finds the index of an element within a linked list.
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117 *
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118 * @param start a pointer to the start node
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119 * @param loc_advance the location of the pointer to advance
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120 * @param loc_data the location of the \c data pointer within your node struct
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121 * @param cmp_func a compare function to compare \p elem against the node data
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122 * @param elem a pointer to the element to find
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123 * @return the index of the element or a negative value if it could not be found
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124 */
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125 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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126 ssize_t cx_linked_list_find(
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127 const void *start,
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128 ptrdiff_t loc_advance,
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129 ptrdiff_t loc_data,
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130 cx_compare_func cmp_func,
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131 const void *elem
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132 );
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133
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134 /**
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135 * Finds the node containing an element within a linked list.
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136 *
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137 * @param result a pointer to the memory where the node pointer (or \c NULL if the element
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138 * could not be found) shall be stored to
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139 * @param start a pointer to the start node
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140 * @param loc_advance the location of the pointer to advance
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141 * @param loc_data the location of the \c data pointer within your node struct
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142 * @param cmp_func a compare function to compare \p elem against the node data
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143 * @param elem a pointer to the element to find
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144 * @return the index of the element or a negative value if it could not be found
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145 */
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146 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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147 ssize_t cx_linked_list_find_node(
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148 void **result,
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149 const void *start,
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150 ptrdiff_t loc_advance,
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151 ptrdiff_t loc_data,
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152 cx_compare_func cmp_func,
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153 const void *elem
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154 );
253
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155
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156 /**
174
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157 * Finds the first node in a linked list.
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158 *
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159 * The function starts with the pointer denoted by \p node and traverses the list
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160 * along a prev pointer whose location within the node struct is
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161 * denoted by \p loc_prev.
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162 *
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163 * @param node a pointer to a node in the list
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164 * @param loc_prev the location of the \c prev pointer
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165 * @return a pointer to the first node
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166 */
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167 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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168 void *cx_linked_list_first(
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169 const void *node,
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170 ptrdiff_t loc_prev
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171 );
174
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172
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173 /**
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174 * Finds the last node in a linked list.
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175 *
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176 * The function starts with the pointer denoted by \p node and traverses the list
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177 * along a next pointer whose location within the node struct is
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178 * denoted by \p loc_next.
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179 *
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180 * @param node a pointer to a node in the list
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181 * @param loc_next the location of the \c next pointer
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182 * @return a pointer to the last node
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183 */
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184 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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185 void *cx_linked_list_last(
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186 const void *node,
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187 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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188 );
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189
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190 /**
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191 * Finds the predecessor of a node in case it is not linked.
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192 *
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193 * \remark If \p node is not contained in the list starting with \p begin, the behavior is undefined.
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194 *
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195 * @param begin the node where to start the search
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196 * @param loc_next the location of the \c next pointer
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197 * @param node the successor of the node to find
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198 * @return the node or \c NULL if \p node has no predecessor
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199 */
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200 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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201 void *cx_linked_list_prev(
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202 const void *begin,
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203 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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204 const void *node
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205 );
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206
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207 /**
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208 * Adds a new node to a linked list.
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209 * The node must not be part of any list already.
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210 *
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211 * \remark One of the pointers \p begin or \p end may be \c NULL, but not both.
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212 *
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213 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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214 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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215 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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216 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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217 * @param new_node a pointer to the node that shall be appended
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218 */
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219 __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)))
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220 void cx_linked_list_add(
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221 void **begin,
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222 void **end,
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223 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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224 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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225 void *new_node
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226 );
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227
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228 /**
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229 * Prepends a new node to a linked list.
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230 * The node must not be part of any list already.
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231 *
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232 * \remark One of the pointers \p begin or \p end may be \c NULL, but not both.
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233 *
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234 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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235 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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236 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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237 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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238 * @param new_node a pointer to the node that shall be prepended
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239 */
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240 __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)))
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241 void cx_linked_list_prepend(
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242 void **begin,
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243 void **end,
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244 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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245 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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246 void *new_node
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247 );
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248
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249 /**
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250 * Links two nodes.
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251 *
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252 * @param left the new predecessor of \p right
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253 * @param right the new successor of \p left
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254 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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255 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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256 */
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257 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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258 void cx_linked_list_link(
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259 void *left,
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260 void *right,
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261 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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262 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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263 );
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264
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265 /**
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266 * Unlinks two nodes.
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267 *
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268 * If right is not the successor of left, the behavior is undefined.
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269 *
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270 * @param left the predecessor of \p right
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271 * @param right the successor of \p left
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272 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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273 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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274 */
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275 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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276 void cx_linked_list_unlink(
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277 void *left,
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278 void *right,
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279 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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280 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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281 );
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282
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283 /**
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284 * Inserts a new node after a given node of a linked list.
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285 * The new node must not be part of any list already.
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286 *
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287 * \note If you specify \c NULL as the \p node to insert after, this function needs either the \p begin or
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288 * the \p end pointer to determine the start of the list. Then the new node will be prepended to the list.
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289 *
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290 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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291 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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292 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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293 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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294 * @param node the node after which to insert (\c NULL if you want to prepend the node to the list)
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295 * @param new_node a pointer to the node that shall be inserted
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296 */
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297 __attribute__((__nonnull__(6)))
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298 void cx_linked_list_insert(
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299 void **begin,
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300 void **end,
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301 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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302 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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303 void *node,
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304 void *new_node
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305 );
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306
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307 /**
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308 * Inserts a chain of nodes after a given node of a linked list.
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309 * The chain must not be part of any list already.
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310 *
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311 * If you do not explicitly specify the end of the chain, it will be determined by traversing
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312 * the \c next pointer.
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313 *
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314 * \note If you specify \c NULL as the \p node to insert after, this function needs either the \p begin or
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315 * the \p end pointer to determine the start of the list. If only the \p end pointer is specified, you also need
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316 * to provide a valid \p loc_prev location.
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317 * Then the chain will be prepended to the list.
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318 *
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319 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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320 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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321 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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322 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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323 * @param node the node after which to insert (\c NULL to prepend the chain to the list)
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324 * @param insert_begin a pointer to the first node of the chain that shall be inserted
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325 * @param insert_end a pointer to the last node of the chain (or NULL if the last node shall be determined)
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326 */
324
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327 __attribute__((__nonnull__(6)))
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328 void cx_linked_list_insert_chain(
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329 void **begin,
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330 void **end,
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331 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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332 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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333 void *node,
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334 void *insert_begin,
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335 void *insert_end
324
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336 );
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337
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338 /**
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339 * Inserts a node into a sorted linked list.
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340 * The new node must not be part of any list already.
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341 *
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342 * If the list starting with the node pointed to by \p begin is not sorted
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343 * already, the behavior is undefined.
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344 *
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345 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (required)
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346 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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347 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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348 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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349 * @param new_node a pointer to the node that shall be inserted
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350 * @param cmp_func a compare function that will receive the node pointers
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351 */
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352 __attribute__((__nonnull__(1, 5, 6)))
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353 void cx_linked_list_insert_sorted(
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354 void **begin,
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355 void **end,
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356 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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357 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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358 void *new_node,
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359 cx_compare_func cmp_func
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360 );
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361
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362 /**
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363 * Inserts a chain of nodes into a sorted linked list.
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364 * The chain must not be part of any list already.
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365 *
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366 * If either the list starting with the node pointed to by \p begin or the list
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367 * starting with \p insert_begin is not sorted, the behavior is undefined.
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368 *
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369 * \attention In contrast to cx_linked_list_insert_chain(), the source chain
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370 * will be broken and inserted into the target list so that the resulting list
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371 * will be sorted according to \p cmp_func. That means, each node in the source
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372 * chain may be re-linked with nodes from the target list.
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373 *
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374 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (required)
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375 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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376 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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377 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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378 * @param insert_begin a pointer to the first node of the chain that shall be inserted
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379 * @param cmp_func a compare function that will receive the node pointers
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380 */
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381 __attribute__((__nonnull__(1, 5, 6)))
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382 void cx_linked_list_insert_sorted_chain(
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383 void **begin,
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384 void **end,
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385 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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386 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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387 void *insert_begin,
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388 cx_compare_func cmp_func
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389 );
174
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390
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391 /**
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392 * Removes a node from the linked list.
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393 *
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394 * If the node to remove is the begin (resp. end) node of the list and if \p begin (resp. \p end)
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395 * addresses are provided, the pointers are adjusted accordingly.
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396 *
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397 * The following combinations of arguments are valid (more arguments are optional):
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398 * \li \p loc_next and \p loc_prev (ancestor node is determined by using the prev pointer, overall O(1) performance)
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399 * \li \p loc_next and \p begin (ancestor node is determined by list traversal, overall O(n) performance)
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400 *
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401 * \remark The \c next and \c prev pointers of the removed node are not cleared by this function and may still be used
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402 * to traverse to a former adjacent node in the list.
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403 *
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404 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (optional)
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405 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (optional)
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406 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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407 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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408 * @param node the node to remove
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409 */
324
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410 __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)))
174
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411 void cx_linked_list_remove(
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412 void **begin,
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413 void **end,
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414 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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415 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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416 void *node
324
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417 );
174
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418
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419
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420 /**
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421 * Determines the size of a linked list starting with \p node.
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422 * @param node the first node
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423 * @param loc_next the location of the \c next pointer within the node struct
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424 * @return the size of the list or zero if \p node is \c NULL
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425 */
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426 size_t cx_linked_list_size(
324
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427 const void *node,
174
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428 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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429 );
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430
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431 /**
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432 * Sorts a linked list based on a comparison function.
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433 *
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434 * This function can work with linked lists of the following structure:
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435 * \code
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436 * typedef struct node node;
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437 * struct node {
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438 * node* prev;
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439 * node* next;
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440 * my_payload data;
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441 * }
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442 * \endcode
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443 *
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444 * @note This is a recursive function with at most logarithmic recursion depth.
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445 *
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446 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (required)
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447 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (optional)
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448 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if not present)
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449 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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450 * @param loc_data the location of the \c data pointer within your node struct
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451 * @param cmp_func the compare function defining the sort order
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452 */
324
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453 __attribute__((__nonnull__(1, 6)))
174
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454 void cx_linked_list_sort(
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455 void **begin,
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456 void **end,
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457 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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458 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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459 ptrdiff_t loc_data,
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460 cx_compare_func cmp_func
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461 );
174
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462
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463
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464 /**
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465 * Compares two lists element wise.
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466 *
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467 * \note Both list must have the same structure.
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468 *
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469 * @param begin_left the begin of the left list (\c NULL denotes an empty list)
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470 * @param begin_right the begin of the right list (\c NULL denotes an empty list)
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471 * @param loc_advance the location of the pointer to advance
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472 * @param loc_data the location of the \c data pointer within your node struct
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473 * @param cmp_func the function to compare the elements
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474 * @return the first non-zero result of invoking \p cmp_func or: negative if the left list is smaller than the
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475 * right list, positive if the left list is larger than the right list, zero if both lists are equal.
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476 */
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477 __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)))
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478 int cx_linked_list_compare(
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479 const void *begin_left,
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480 const void *begin_right,
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481 ptrdiff_t loc_advance,
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482 ptrdiff_t loc_data,
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483 cx_compare_func cmp_func
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484 );
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485
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486 /**
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487 * Reverses the order of the nodes in a linked list.
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488 *
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489 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (required)
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490 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (optional)
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491 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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492 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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493 */
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494 __attribute__((__nonnull__(1)))
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495 void cx_linked_list_reverse(
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496 void **begin,
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497 void **end,
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498 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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499 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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500 );
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501
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502 #ifdef __cplusplus
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503 } // extern "C"
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504 #endif
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505
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506 #endif // UCX_LINKED_LIST_H

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